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2015 Technical and Voacational Education and Training
(National Treasury, South Africa, 2015) Pienaar, Dawid-Willem; Venter, Fouche; Govender, Megan; Jitsing, Amanda
The National Treasury has commissioned a set of Performance and Expenditure Reviews (PERs) across 30 to 40 government policy initiatives. The aim of these reviews is to provide insights into the trends, composition and drivers of government expenditure across key programmes. These reviews provide useful insights into the cost of government services and can be an important tool for decision makers in pursuing efficiency gains and value for money. This PER focuses on the public Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college sector. TVET colleges (previously referred to as Further Education and Training colleges) aim to provide educational opportunities to those who either do not qualify for tertiary education or require vocational training with direct application to the workplace. The National Development Plan (NDP) states that the sector has a critical role to play in the development of practical, employable skills and, hence, the reduction of youth unemployment and skills shortages in the country. This is reflected in the plan to increase enrolments in public TVET colleges from approximately 639,618 in 20131 to 2.5 million in 2030 and thereby have it be larger, by enrolments, than the university sector; as is also reflected in the White Paper for Post-School Education and Training.
2020 State of climate services: risk information and early warning systems
(World Meteorological Organization, 2020) World Meteorological Organization
Between 1970 and 2019, 79% of disasters worldwide involved weather, water, and climate-related hazards. These disasters accounted for 56% of deaths and 75% of economic losses from disasters associated with natural hazards reported during that period. As climate change continues to threaten human lives, ecosystems and economies, risk information and early warning systems (EWS) are increasingly seen as key for reducing these impacts. The majority of countries, including 88% of least developed countries and small island states, that submitted their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to UNFCCC have identified EWS as a “top priority”. This latest WMO report highlights progress made in EWS capacity – and identifies where and how governments can invest in effective EWS to strengthen countries’ resilience to multiple weather, water and climate-related hazards. Being prepared and able to react at the right time, in the right place, can save many lives and protect the livelihoods of communities everywhere.
2020/21 State of Tourism Report
(Nationa Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2022)
The 2020/21 STR framework was developed and approved in June 2022, which outlined the key themes, sub-sections and indicators covered in this report. The framework provides the sources for the secondary data that has been used in the 2020/21 STR. This secondary data was sourced from different institutions such as the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), WTTC, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), ForwardKeys and Euromonitor. These data sources were used to report on the performance of key tourism industries globally. In addition, and specifically for the analysis of the South Africa tourism sector performance, secondary data was sourced from organisations such as South African Tourism (SA Tourism), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA) ...
2021 State of climate services: water
(World Meteorological Organization, 2021)
More than 2 billion people are living in countries under water stress and 3.6 billion people face inadequate access to water at least one month per year. Meanwhile, water-related hazards have increased in frequency for the past 20 years. Since 2000, flood-related disasters have increased by 134%, and the number and duration of droughts also increased by 29%. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is vital to achieving long-term social, economic and environmental well-being. But, although most countries have advanced their level of IWRM implementation, 107 countries remain off track to hit the goal of sustainably managing their water resources by 2030 (UN SDG 6). This latest WMO report explores the progress made by WMO Members in using climate services to address water-related challenges – and highlights the gaps in user engagement, forecasting, observing networks, and data collection that still exist.
2022 Finalisation of the Critical Skills List : Technical Report
(Department of Higher Education and Training, Pretoria, South Africa, 2022)
In 2020, the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), through the Labour Market Intelligence (LMI) research programme, supported the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) in the development and application of a methodology to identify occupations for the Critical Skills List (CSL). The CSL forms the basis for the issuance of critical skills visas (CSVs) to critically skilled foreign nationals. This process culminated in the publication of a technical report that included a description of the methodology and the preliminary CSL. The Minister of Home Affairs gazetted this preliminary CSL on 18 February 2021 for public comment. The number of responses to the request is evidence of the importance of this list. Between the date of publication and the closing date of 31 March 2021, 363 comments were received. Because of the CSL’s importance as a policy tool, ensuring that it responds accurately to the needs it is designed to address is essential. As the technical report for the reliminary CSL stated, balance is essential: "If critical skills work permits are offered too liberally, they risk taking employment opportunities away from South African citizens. Conversely, if these permits are too strictly withheld, skills gaps are perpetuated at the expense of the South African economy. Achieving this balance is largely dependent on accurately defining a critical skill and then using this definition to develop the appropriate criteria for recognising whether a skill is, in fact, critical or not." Therefore, it was important for the DHA and the DHET to ensure that the approach used to identify occupations on the list was evidence-based and consequently defensible ...
2022 State of climate services: energy
(World Meteorological Organization, 2022) World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The 2022 WMO State of Climate Services report focuses on the issue of energy, a subject that continues to dominate discussion and debate as it effects every single community, business, sector and economy, in all parts of the world. Reaching net zero by 2050 will mean a complete transformation of our global energy system, with a switch to lower emissions electricity production and increased energy efficiency at the heart of the worldwide response. But the transition to clean energy calls for investment in improved weather, water and climate services that can be used to ensure our energy infrastructure is resilient to climate-related shocks and inform measures to increase energy efficiency across multiple sectors. Using data, analysis, and a series of case studies, the report illustrates and explains how countries – from Italy to Tajikistan – can improve their energy infrastructure, resilience and security through better climate services, supported by sustainable investments.
2022 year in review: climate-driven global renewable energy potential resources and energy demand
(International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ' World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2023)
This joint IRENA-WMO report explores intricate links between renewable energy resources, and weather and climate conditions, highlighting how climate variability affects renewable resource potential. By offering a nuanced understanding of climate impacts on wind, solar and hydropower capacities, the report reveals noticeable changes in selected energy indicators that vary both by technology and country, marking the initial step towards a more rigorous evaluation of the interplay between climate and renewable energy supply and demand. The report extends an open invitation to policymakers, scientists and stakeholders: to acknowledge and address the nuanced synergy between meteorology and renewable energy. By underscoring the significance of climate variability across the spectrum of renewable energy operations, management, planning and investment, the report encourages stakeholders to actively contribute to a sustainable and resilient energy future. Navigating the dynamic landscape of climate-aware renewable solutions, the WMO-IRENA 2022 Year in Review represents a pivotal guide to informed decision-making for a resilient energy future.
2023 LTSM Learning Brief
(Kelello, Johannesburg, 2024-08) Moloi, Q.; Sibeko T.; Koenig N.; Sommerdyk S..; Roberts N.
A one-page summary of 10 LTSM key to the South African primary maths education landscape.
2023 NSC Exam Results Technical Report
(Department of Basic Education, Pretoria, South Africa, 2024)
A total of 715 719 full time (FT) and 182 056 part time (PT) candidates respectively registered to sit for the October/ November 2023 NSC examinations. This translates to a final total of 897 775 candidates writing this examination. The DBE set 162 question papers for the November 2023 NSC examinations. A total of 52 157 markers were appointed to mark the examination scripts in the various subjects at the 184 marking centres across the nine Provincial Education Departments (PEDs) The national pass rate for the Class of 2023 is 82.9% which is an increase of 2.8% from the 80.1% in 2022.
A programme management toolkit for metros : preparing to scale up informal settlement upgrading in South African cities : a city–wide approach
(Department: Human Settlements, 2017) Department: Human Settlements
The purpose of this Programme Management Upgrading Toolkit is to assist metros in South Africa to overcome barriers which prevent a scaled-up, city-wide upgrading approach which is incremental, in-situ, participative and partnership-orientated. It is recognised that such an approach, whilst having been policy in South Africa since at least 2008, has yet to be successfully implemented at scale. The Toolkit’s focus is at the overall programme level since there are already various project-level upgrading tools and resources available. This initiative forms an important part of strengthening the service delivery, management capacity and systems of South African cities. Whilst it was developed for metros, the Toolkit content will be equally useful to other municipalities which have significant informal settlement populations.
A technical report on the galaxy gold mine Mpumalanga province, South Africa
(Minxcon (Pty) Ltd, 2015) Minxcon (Pty) Limited
This Report titled “A Technical Report on the Galaxy Gold Mine, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa” was prepared on behalf of Galaxy Gold Mining Limited. The Report is compliant with National Instrument 43-101 and Form 43-101 F1.
A World in motion : Shifting consumer travel trends in 2022 and beyond
(World Travel & Tourism Council, 2023-01)
This report is the story of recovery. After the deepest crisis the sector has faced, Travel & Tourism is trending upwards. It has been a delight to witness – and we have greatly admired the agility, determination and vision that many travel providers have shown in getting our sector back on its feet. Not only has tourism recovered at extraordinary speed, but companies are also working hard to transform the sector and win back travellers with new products, technologies and investments in sustainability.
Africa 2030: roadmap for a renewable energy future
(International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) i, 2015) International Renewable Energy Agency
Africa’s economy is growing at unprecedented speed. One of the core challenges as African countries continue to grow and develop is energy: meeting rising demand for power, transport and other uses in a way that is economically sustainable and safeguards livelihoods. Economic growth, changing lifestyles and the need for reliable modern energy access is expected to require energy supply to be at least doubled by 2030. For electricity it might even have to triple. Africa is richly endowed with renewable energy sources, and the time is right for sound planning to ensure the right energy mix. Decisions made today will shape the continent’s energy use of decades to come. The world is increasingly embracing modern renewable energy technologies. For many years they have been supported because of environmental and energy security concerns but in a rising number of situations they are now seen as the most economic option. The use of modern renewables is growing in Africa, and fostering this growth is imperative. African countries are in a unique position: they have the potential to leapfrog the traditional centralised-utility model for energy provision. Africa 2030 is part of IRENA’s global REmap 2030 analysis, which outlines a roadmap to double the share of renewables in the world’s energy mix within the next 15 years. It is based on a country-by-country assessment of energy supply, demand, renewable-energy potential, and practical technology choices for households, industry, transport and the power sector. The results are shown for five African regions. Africa 2030 analysis identified modern renewable technology options across sectors, across countries, collectively contributing to meet 22% of Africa’s total final energy consumption (TFEC) by 2030, which is more than a four-fold increase from 5% in 2013. Four key modern renewable energy technologies with highest deployment potentials for Africa are modern biomass for cooking; hydropower; wind; and solar power. The power sector presents significant opportunity to be transformed through the increased deployment of renewable energy technologies. The share of renewables in the generation mix could grow to 50% by 2030 if the REmap Options in this report are implemented. Hydropower and wind capacity could reach 100 GW capacity each, followed by a solar capacity of over 90 GW. For the power sector this would be an overall tenfold renewable energy capacity increase from 2013 levels. It would result in a reduction of 310 megatonnes of carbon dioxide (Mt CO2) in emissions by 2030 when compared to the baseline scenario. In all regions of Africa except the North, hydropower will continue to play an important role. North, Eastern and Southern Africa can all derive renewable power from other sources, such as wind energy, while concentrating solar power (CSP) will matter specifically in North Africa. Additional renewable power capacity is expected from geothermal sources in East Africa, while solar photovoltaics (PV) will be important in the North and Southern regions.
Africa's adaptation gap: technical report
(UNEP, 2013) United Nations Environment Programme
This report is a stark analysis of where Africa stands in relation to its adaptation goals and is a cautionary indicator of what may happen should the emissions gap remain - necessitating additional adaptation. The report was accomplished to inform policymakers of the shortcomings and opportunities for adaptation to Climate Change in Africa. The results demonstrate how delaying action now will assuredly result in exponential costs down the road.
Assessing the climate resilience of Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA): a metric-based approach
(MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2021-11-07) Sono, Douglas; Wei, Ye; Jin, Ying
The impacts of climate change have resulted in the emergence of resilience as the de factor framework for countries seeking to capture the differential and uneven ability to prepare, react, respond and cope with volatile and rapid changes of climate-related stresses. Despite being considered by many researchers the most vulnerable region to the negative effects of climate change, the climate resilience of Sub-Saharan Africa has not been extensively studied. Using countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a study area, this paper constructed a pragmatically based resilience metric called the composite national climate resilience index (CNCRI) that can be used as a tool for the policy word. The inherent variables used to construct the CNCRI were justified and used to measure the resilience of countries in SSA based on five different dimensions. The result indicates that the CNCRI score, 1.05 (least resilient) to 44.8 (most resilient), and the island countries of Mauritius, Seychelles, and Cape Verde are comparatively more resilient than the rest of the countries in the study area. Regionally, Southern Africa is more resilient compared to East, West, and Central Africa. The vulnerability and readiness metric suggested that Cape Verde is the only country in SSA to have low vulnerability and high readiness, while most countries have high vulnerability and low readiness, making them the least resilient countries needing urgent mitigation and adaptation actions. Lastly, finding from this study could provide the policy world with insight for improving the overall ability to prepare and respond to the negative impacts of climate in the study area.
Assessment of the viability and potential of township economies for municipalities
(Local Government Sector Education and Training Authority (LGSETA), 2020)
This research study was commissioned by the Local Government Sector Education and Training Authority (LGSETA). The objectives of this study was twofold; (i) to examine the potential of unlocking township economies with a view to help address the crucial socio-economic conditions facing municipalities namely, high levels of unemployment, poverty and inequality and (ii) to identify the skills gaps that can propel the township economy (the researches opted to include the possible skills gaps in both township entrepreneurs and local economic development officials in municipalities) and finally to develop a concept document with a focus on local, regional and international perspectives. From the literature review it is clear that although the policy regime is intact, this is compromised by the poor implementation of local economic development (LED) policies together with a lack of leadership and political will. The socio-economic impact of LED has not addressed the triple challenge of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. This study examined the lived experience of more than 1000 township entrepreneurs. It found that the majority of township entrepreneurs regard business as both a steppingstone to something better and a means of survival during tough economic times. They are in business to make a living and to offer a service to the community. This speaks to the drive for social innovation. Thus, people are not just in business to make money, but genuinely sees this as an opportunity to meet a need in society. Thus, it is not surprising that the majority of interviewed entrepreneurs established themselves in the retail and services sector. The study found that local entrepreneurs need support to identify new opportunities and to acquire skills that will enable them to better market their goods and manage their finances. The needs in support and skills include the following: the development and improvement of effective communication structures to facilitate effective communication between municipalities and township entrepreneurs; ; municipalities to take up a facilitation role in in setting uplinks/partnerships between informal traders and formal business; the better management of the safety and security of township entrepreneurs; more infrastructure support and the allocation of more space for trading speaking to the critical role that local government should play in creating an enabling environment to propel the township economy; more financial support from the municipality. Although training is the most commonly used intervention by local government, the research found this to be the least effective. Participants requested that the format of training is re-designed to include more on the job training as opposed to the typical classroom format of training. Finally, the majority of the research participants experienced the municipality as absent rather than supportive in their entrepreneurial endeavours. Pertaining to the competence levels of LED officials, the study found an urgent need in developing a hands-on capacity building program for municipal LED officials. Such a training programme should focus on managing township economies, policy development, LED planning and implementation, research, and promotion, and promoting industrial and business development.
Assessment Practices to Support the Development of Learner Competencies for a Changing World
(National Education Collaboration Trust, South Africa, 2021) Eadie, Shirley; Webb, Karen; Opelo, Matome; Troy, Conor
This policy brief recognizes the challenge faced by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) in preparing South African learners with the 21st century skills and competencies required for the future of work, and the consequent need for adjustments to the delivery of education to develop such skills. The document focuses on the need for updated assessment practices to support the General Education Certificate (GEC) being piloted in 2021. Five key recommendations are proposed to the DBE regarding the assessment of 21st century competencies ...
Beyond the numbers 2019
(National Education Collaboration Trust, South Africa, 2019)
This report assesses South Africa’s current education data and tool landscape as well as some of the major local and global contextual changes currently underway and how South Africa should respond to them. It is not intended to be an exhaustive, detailed assessment of all aspects of information and communications technology (ICT) in education, but rather to provide a snapshot of the system today and an overview of the current trends, challenges and opportunities. The report offers up a blueprint for where further investment and analysis efforts are required to ensure the system can navigate the challenges of a changing technology landscape and leverage the opportunities on offer as a springboard to continue the progress that has been made in recent years.
Building women’s businesses in South African township economies a view on intersectional approaches to entrepreneurial support
(Value For Women, 2021) Hunter, Renée
In November 2021, ANDE published its South Africa Township Economy Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Snapshot (Ecosystem Snapshot). This publication provides an entrepreneurial ecosystem mapping of the financial and non-financial support available to township-based entrepreneurs, as at November 2021. The publication covers research on the townships of the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and Gauteng provinces regarding, among other information, the types of support and investment instruments available, and the types of stakeholder interest. This Gender Deep Dive takes a closer look specifically at the support provided to women entrepreneurs in township economies. It is based on desktop research, data from the Ecosystem Snapshot, and 15 in-depth key informant interviews with entrepreneurial support organisations (ESOs) that intentionally seek to improve the lives of women— either as consumers, employees, business leaders, or suppliers and distributors. We asked them about their reasons for focusing on women, their approaches used in doing so, and which approaches have worked particularly well. This report finds that women entrepreneurs in township economies face a double set of intersecting— and mutually reinforcing —challenges. On the one hand, there are challenges due to them being women. This includes the multiple competing demands on women’s time, various prejudices and biases against women business owners, and the challenges inherent in women-dominated sectors, which are often less high growth than men-dominated sectors. On the other hand, there are the challenges inherent in being based in a township economy, with lower levels of infrastructure and service provision, higher levels of insecurity and crime, and the business challenges of operating in a relatively low-income context.
Capacitating entrepreneurs for a sustainable township economy : the Khulisanani/Godisanang and GrowYourBiz Initiatives
(Gordon Institute of Business Science, 2020-01)
The need for South Africa to develop its entrepreneurial capacity in order to create employment and a more dynamic, inclusive economy is well established in public and private sectors. However, success stories are hard to come by – especially when they focus on township entrepreneurs, a group that might be neglected by broader initiatives for being ‘too difficult’ or ‘not high impact enough’. The hope is that this report will ignite more rigorous debate about how to develop entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship, even in environments that are resource-constrained and apparently opportunity-poor. This report details findings from research focused on a series of training and coaching and mentoring-based interventions in township economies across seven of South Africa’s nine provinces. These interventions and this research were conducted by the GIBS’s EDA through funds provided by the Walmart Foundation. The data was collected in a mixed methods design, involving qualitative and quantitative methods, before, during and after the intervention that was conducted during 2018 and 2019. The findings reveal that township entrepreneurs had developed their personal and business skills during the programme, resulting in improvements in their business operations and market position. For some, this was believed to have resulted in immediate and measurable growth in their businesses, while others believed that their new-found skills enabled them to build a strong foundation for future growth.

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