Tourism

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White Paper : The Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa
(Government Of South Africa, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 1996-05)
In October 1994, the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism appointed the Interim Tourism Task Team (ITTT) with the mandate of drafting a tourism discussion paper as a basis for a future national tourism policy. Representing the business sector, labour movement, provincial governments, community organisations and the national government, the ITTT produced a Tourism Green Paper in September 1995. The Tourism Green Paper was widely distributed for comment, whereafter the European Union was approached to provide technical assistance to the Government of South Africa in developing a Tourism White Paper.
Planning for a Township Tourism Destination : Considering Red Flags from experiences in Atteridgeville, South Africa
(African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 2017) Anyumba, Godfrey
Planning for a Township Tourism destination can be an exciting exploration and a rewarding revelation of the raw materials that are required to deconstruct and re-construct in order for a successful destination to be created. In 2007, in the background of favourable numbers of domestic and international tourism arrivals and the heightened expectations of the FIFA 2010 World Soccer Cup tournament, the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM) i.e. Pretoria, sought to determine what Atteridgeville Township, amongst others, could offer the tourist as a destination. By 2014 none of the planned recommendations had been realized. The objective of this article is to forewarn the planners of the `red flags’ that one needs to look out for when planning for a township tourism destination. The study design consisted of primary and secondary source analysis and reflection. The products proposed for tourism are listed and their 2007 and 2014 conditions are contrasted with each other. A discussion follows that itemizes `red flags’ issues from the broad perspectives of ideology, policy and the environment. The conclusion is that, built environment professionals (BEP) should accept the challenging opportunity to plan for slum/ township tourism but must be aware of the underlying `red flags’ for every item they propose so as to realize their objective and make it sustainable.
National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) 2016-2026
(Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2017-11)
The first National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS) for South Africa was published in 2011 as a ten-year Strategy, with targets from 2010 to 2020. It has recently been the subject of a review to determine what adjustments, if any, need to be made given the changing domestic and international environment and in light of lessons learned from the implementation process. The review has taken into account the emergence of important trends in global markets, as well as South Africa’s competitive strengths and weaknesses. An essential part of the exercise was an assessment of the potential and the identification of pathways for the South African tourism economy to play an enhanced role in the growth of the overall economy. The process has culminated in a second iteration of the NTSS. The NTSS focuses on inclusive growth, which must fundamentally be based on domestic and international tourist market growth and expenditure increases. While the national tourism marketing agency, South African Tourism (SA Tourism) has a detailed methodology for identifying priority markets, the NTSS further links the marketing plans to broader development imperatives, including addressing barriers to growth and the building of a transformed and inclusive tourism economy. This growth will, by the values that drive South Africa as a developmental state, be inclusive, responsible and sustainable. It will also be underpinned by an awareness of the imperative of the wise use of scarce resources. Tourism is a partnership between the public and private sectors. The NTSS focuses on harnessing the strengths of the public and private sectors to ensure alignment, the sensible use of resources, as well as drawing on pragmatic planning and prioritisation. While many areas warranting focus and enhancements exist within the tourism economy, the Strategy identifies priority actions for implementation in the short, medium and long term.
Tourism Development Framework 2024
(City of Cape Town Department of Enterprise and Investment, 2018)
This Tourism Development Framework (TDF) encapsulates the tourism development strategy and implementation framework of the City of Cape Town for the period 2019-2023. The document is based on thorough desk research using available reference sources (tourism-related policies, plans, strategies and statistical research), an online survey conducted among public and private tourism stakeholders, interviews with key opinion leaders and a benchmark study of tourism strategies of four leading global tourism cities. Progress with implementing the previous TDF has varied. Few projects were successfully implemented. While some of the key projects identified in the previous TDF, upon detailed investigation proved not to be feasible, others never progressed as planned. Reasons for such limited success may be related to a major restructuring of the City’s tourism department during the period of the TDF, limited support for tourism from related departments in the City, limited human and financial resources allocated to the tourism unit and a lack of clearly defined and well-directed performance monitoring. A thorough analysis of related legislation, policies and plans indicates that tourism growth is affected by a host of stakeholders and decisions that fall outside of the mandate of the custodian of this TDF, i.e. the Department of Enterprise and Investment. This underlines the critical importance of adopting a“whole of government” approach in managing and implementing the TDF. In addition, tourism growth is the collective domain of public sector, private sector and the community at large and the successful implementation of the TDF will largely depend on the ability of the sector to establish effective and efficient partnerships across the various tiers and components of government and between key public, private and community-based actors.
Safeguarding township tourism in South Africa from counterfeit consumable products through consumer- oriented technological solutions
(African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 2018) Mofokeng, Nyane Ezekiel Macdonald
Tourism is a fragmented industry made up of numerous businesses engaged in the economic activity of providing products and services to meet tourist demands. The hospitality sector is one of the key drivers of the tourism industry, with an integral component of this sector being food and beverage. Recent reports of counterfeit consumable products in South Africa from immigrant shops, and thebreakout violence that ensued, have the potential to negatively impact upon township tourism as this is where the majority of the reports arose from. Local food is considered to be a tourism resource that destinations can harness and utilise as a unique selling point to market a region. However, when the quality of the food is, or is believed to be substandard, the effects are damaging to a destination and has the potential of curbing future tourism growth. That notwithstanding, anti-counterfeit measures as well as food verification tools have largely been designed and geared towards manufacturers, producers and suppliers, leaving consumers with the singular option of believing the product packaging. This research asserts the use of technological advances such as quick response codes as consumer-oriented tools with the aim of empowering consumers to be active participants against the illicit trade of counterfeit goods.
Township tourism as an agent for the socio-economic well-being of residents
(Editorial Office African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure , Helderkruin, South Africa, 2019) Auala, Lovisa Sisco Ndapanda; Van Zyl, S.R.; Ferreira, I.W.
The development of township tourism has created contradicting views amongst researchers with two different schools of thought emerging (Kieti & Magio, 2013:38; Rogerson, 2015:320; Booyens, 2010:377). One school holds that township tourism exploits the poor and uses their living conditions as a tourist attraction, while the other suggests it is a tool to improve the local economy by combating poverty and encouraging understanding of how other people live (Kieti & Magio, 2013:38; Rogerson,2015:320; Booyens, 2010:377). In Namibia, the residents are often the objects of tourism development rather than the ones that spearhead the process of tourism development (Saarinen, 2010:722). While the tourists’ motives to visit townships is for the social interaction with the residents in search of authentic experiences (Diekmann & Hannam, 2012:1331), authenticity is often compromised in township tours, where tourists are taken on artificial tours in the townships with little interaction with the residents (Booyens, 2010:277). Mutual respect and understanding between the residents and the tourists will reduce the situation, where residents feel they are the objects of the tourists’ gazes (Frisch, 2012:336). Academic literature has shown that there is a relationship between the residents’ perceived benefits derived from township tourism and their attitudes towards tourism development, where residents will support township tourism if they benefit from it (Kieti & Magio, 2013:39). According to Rogerson (2015:321), most of the academic research on tourism in Africa is focused on rural tourism development and there is a need for further investigation on the subject of township tourism. This paper presents a review of literature on township tourism and sustainable tourism, filling a small gap in the field of township tourism.
Destination Knysna : Towards a sustainable tourism economy in Knysna
(Knysna Municipality, South Africa, 2019-03)
The tourism industry continues to be one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, a trend that has had an extremely positive socio-economic impact on many developing countries. Indeed, for those countries with a quality tourism offering, the sector has come to represent one of the main sources of income, with economic and employment benefits reaching across a matrix of related industries. Covering the tip of the African continent, South Africa's diverse landscape, spectacular scenery, temperate climate, cultural diversity, welcoming people, world-class infrastructure, excellent standards of service, and weakened currency have, in the 20 years since the fall of apartheid and sanctions, contributed to establishing the country as a highly desirable tourist destination that offers great value for money for business, leisure, sport, eco, paleo and cultural travellers alike. At the centre of the world-famous Garden Route, Knysna was a key beneficiary of the tourism sector’s growth locally and the industry is now the lifeblood of Greater Knysna’s economy. The town is an aspirational, enticing and popular holiday destination in the minds of local and international leisure travellers. Due to the seasonal nature of leisure tourism, however, the business cycle of Greater Knysna currently amounts to only 4 months of intense activity and trading each year. The tourism industry is of great strategic importance to Knysna Municipality as an enabler of economic development and transformation across its wards. In fact it is one of the few sectors in which Knysna benefits from a clear and compelling competitive advantage due to the abundance, diversity and accessibility of its natural assets - sea, mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, nature reserves and wildlife. To ensure that Knysna is well positioned and sufficiently prepared to extract maximum economic benefit from the shifts taking place in the global market, however, a strategically astute tourism destination plan is essential.
Leveraging toursim development for sustainable and inclusive growth In South Africa
(Economics Department , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2020-09-14) Glocke, Daniela; Haxton, Peter
South Africa has turned towards tourism development to jump-start its weak economy. As tourism is a labour intensive sector that can also bring foreign currency into the country, the sector was identified as priority area by the South African government. Indeed, a doubling in international tourist arrivals from 1995 to 2017 was accompanied by a tripling of employment directly related to tourism. Despite South Africa’s rich and diverse natural and cultural assets, tourism development has been challenged by the country’s geographic location and perceived safety and security issues. As the country is a long-haul destination for many large source markets, good accessibility and international openness is key to expand international tourism, but current visa regulations put an administrative burden on potential tourists. While increasing tourist arrivals are necessary for tourism development, tourism growth has to be well planned and managed to be sustainable. Although the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting containment measures have hit the economy and in particular tourism, the sector has good potential to support the South African economy and contribute to employment growth post-COVID-19. Tourism provides job opportunities for different skills and experience levels allowing for greater social integration. For tourism development to translate into inclusive growth, the tourism industry needs to be integrated into the local economy and the benefits of tourism must spread geographically to also create economic opportunities in less travelled and less prosperous regions.
Department of Tourism Annual report 2020/2021
(National Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2021)
The tourism sector has in recent times become the new gold, having surpassed many sectors such as mining and manufacturing in terms of job creation and contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). According to an annual review by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) in 2019, our country’s tourism sector created 1.5 million jobs and contributed R425.8 billion to the GDP. This is a sector that also represents 8.6 % of all economic activity in the country, while our country is the largest tourism economy in Africa. South Africa’s tourism industry prides itself in its unique and vast offerings. The advantage of this industry is that it is versatile, and able to overlap across various industries. What makes the country’s tourism sector remain above the rest is its ability to offer bush, leisure, blue flag beaches and accommodation, amongst the others. While the sector has been doing its bit to grow the economy over the years, the emergence of Novel COVID-19 pandemic has had dire socio-economic effects on the sector. This led to the threat of job losses and strained livelihoods of tourism employees, and other stakeholders. As a result, various COVID-19 mitigations were implemented in a phased approach to counter the effect of COVID-19 on the sector. These were put in place and tabled to the government by the Department in collaboration with other sectors. On the other hand, SMME’s and big sub-sectors in the tourism industry adapted their business models and maintained a presence through innovative ways of operating. This reflected the great potential and opportunity for the tourism industry to operate in an unconventional way in the COVID-19 operating environment. The Department embarked on a process to review the current tourism policies and develop a new policy direction for the tourism sector. The Advisory Panel appointed in October 2020 commenced with its work in November 2020 with the review of the White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South (1996). The Panel has held preliminary consultations with organised tourism, business formations, labour union, youth and transformation bodies within the tourism sector. The reviewed Tourism White Paper is expected to provide a framework for the next phase of tourism development in the country ...
South African Tourism Annual Report 2021/2022
(National Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the greatest health, economic and social crises of our time. It broughtunprecedented disruption, with a massive drop in travel, resulting from a global lockdown and widespread travel restrictions. Tourism was one of the most affected sectors, with businesses and livelihoods around the world severely impacted. This set unprecedented challenges for the global travel and tourism market. However,the introduction of vaccinations against COVID-19 proved to be good news for the travel industry. The approval of various vaccines and subsequent vaccination of 50% of the world’s population with at least one vaccination dose toward, resulted in a significant easing of travel restrictions, which contributed to the revitalisation of international travel. The lifting of travel bans following the introduction of vaccinations against COVID-19 led to a slight improvement in global and domestic travel during the period under review. However, South Africa’s position on the “red list” of many countries continued to impact on international arrivals. The organisation’s marketing activities therefore had to focus on cementing the message that the country is ready to welcome visitors once international borders are open again. As of 1 November 2021, only 52% of worldwide destinations were requesting negative COVID-19 tests at points of entry. This is an improvement on the 35% recorded at the same time in 2020. Despite this, the borders of 21% of countries were still completely closed, while 25% were partially closed. Only 2% of countries had lifted all COVID-19 travel restrictions. Although 39% of countries had eased restrictions for fully COVID-19-vaccinated individuals, another 9% had made a full COVID-19 vaccinationmandatory. This impacted on South African Tourism’s performance and its ability to meet its targets. General financial review: With total assets exceeding liabilities by R228 million and a net current asset position of R 175 million, SA Tourism has sufficient cash reserves in the bank to meet its obligations as they become due, the entity is a going concern. For the period ending 31 March 2022 the entity incurred total audited expenditure to the value of 1.3 billion of which 910 million was spent on marketing expenditure with the greater share going toward leisure tourism. Requests for roll over of funds; National Treasury approved the roll-over of approved capital expenditure and bid support commitments. These commitments were audited by the Auditor General of South Africa in the preceding financial year. Supply chain management: During the year under review, SA Tourism continued to strengthen its supply chain environment through the Bid Adjudication Committee, the Bid Evaluation Committees and the Bid Specification Committees. The work of the procurement committees was guided by the Board approved Annual Procurement Plan, which was monitored by the Bid AdjudicationCommittee, the ExCo and the SA Tourism Board.
Tourism 2022 : Statistics
(Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, 2022) Maluleke, Risenga
The report provides information on South African residents and foreign travellers who passed through all South African ports of entry/exit (air, land and sea ports) in 2022. It summarises data published in the monthly statistical releases on Tourism and Migration (Statistical release P0351) in 2022, highlighting annual numbers of travellers and tourists. Details on the mode of travel, seasonal travel patterns; purpose of visit; length of stay of visit; and demographic characteristics of tourists who visited South Africa in 2022 are provided.
Report on the THENSA-THEA International Tourism Education, International Tourism Education, Research and Training Cluster
(Technology Higher Education Network of South Africa (THENSA), 2022)
The Technology Higher Education Network of South Africa (THENSA) was awarded a grant by the Irish Embassy in South Africa to establish six Research and Training Clusters, including the Tourism Research and Training cluster. Tourism Research and Training is an important offering by THENSA member institutions, and the training programme/qualifications curricula and work integrated learning component is designed with input from the tourism industry. The grant, which focuses on research and training, comes at a time when the tourism sector is facing severe strain due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. To address the current crisis and to rebuild this important economic sector will require a strategic partnership between educational institutions and industry to explore new directions and innovative solutions. As a starting point, THENSA conducted a national environmental scan of its member institutions training programmes/qualifications to identify any gaps in research, skills/training, and capacity requirements to address the immediate and longer-term needs of this severely shaken industry. A virtual meeting was held in March 2021 with Technological Higher Education Association (THEA Ireland), THENSA’s affiliated partners, THENSA’s strategic partner, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the SA National Department of Tourism, to discuss the findings of the SA Environmental Scan Study and to understand the role and value of the Irish Tourism Education Gateway (TEG) Platform which serves both the tourism industry and academic sectors.
2020/21 State of Tourism Report
(Nationa Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2022)
The 2020/21 STR framework was developed and approved in June 2022, which outlined the key themes, sub-sections and indicators covered in this report. The framework provides the sources for the secondary data that has been used in the 2020/21 STR. This secondary data was sourced from different institutions such as the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), WTTC, the International Air Transport Association (IATA), ForwardKeys and Euromonitor. These data sources were used to report on the performance of key tourism industries globally. In addition, and specifically for the analysis of the South Africa tourism sector performance, secondary data was sourced from organisations such as South African Tourism (SA Tourism), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA) ...
Expecting the Unexpected : Tools and Policy Considerations to Support the Recovery and Resilience of the Tourism Sector
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-06) World Bank
Tourism has been, and continues to be, one of the most affected sectors by the pandemic, resulting in negative socio-economic consequences for host communities in destinations as well as for underlying endowments that rely on tourists’ expenditure for maintenance and management. Early in 2020 as governments attempted to protect their populations, lockdowns, quarantines,and restrictions on national and international mobility were implemented. This, coupled with the decision of consumers to limit international travel resulted in a sharp contraction for the tourism sector with severe economic consequences, particularly in tourism-dependent low-resource countries. In 2020 international tourist arrivals declined by 74 percent globally and by an average of 85 percent in emerging economies. The situation persisted in 2021 marked by volatility due to emerging variants, with global international arrivals remaining 61 percent below pre-pandemic (2019) levels. In 2021, the economic contribution of tourism improved by US$300m over 2020, however this was still US$1.6 trillion below pre-pandemic values. While travel in 2022 is increasing, and the prognosis for many hotel and tour operators is optimistic for the rest of the year, the effects of the prolonged demand contraction on supply-side enterprises and destinations has been devastating. Analysts continue to expect the sector’s full recovery to take a number of years, an outlook that has been recently dampened by inflation, the Ukraine war and related geopolitical and macroeconomic instability. The aim of this report is to provide insights regarding the types of interventions governments have already implemented and policy considerations for supporting the recovery and resilience of the tourism sector going forward, particularly in light of structural demand and supply-side transformations precipitated or accelerated by COVID-19. The report studies the challenges for recovery faced by governments and the sector from the context of preexisting market and government failures that have been exacerbated by the crisis, as well as those emerging from the pandemic. The report includes several key findings and recommendations.
Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2022 : Global Trends
(World Travel & Tourism Council, 2022-08)
While the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has been felt across the entire Travel & Tourism ecosystem, 2021 saw the beginning of the recovery for the sector. For over 30 years, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) has been quantifying the economic impact of Travel & Tourism, highlighting the importance of the sector globally. The 2022 annual research which covers 185 countries/economies, and 26 regions of the world, reveals the extent of the recovery in 2021.
WTTC Cities Economic Impact 2022 : City Travel is back : Executive Summary
(World Travel & Tourism Council, 2022-12)
For the world’s cities, 2022 was a year of revival. As pandemic restrictions have continued to ease, the recovery of global tourism is now well underway and travellers are flocking to cities to live, work, and discover.
Tourism Annual Report 2022-23
(National Department of Tourism, South Africa, 2023)
During this period under review, we witnessed a strong and remarkable milestone of the tourism sector recovery that gradually imbued in us a sense of hope that the dream of a resilient tourism and travel sector capable of massively contributing to the economic growth and well-being of our people is in the offing. The Tourism Grading Support Programme (TGSP) was introduced in 2015/16 and offers discounts of 80% or 90% on grading assessment fees for accommodation and meeting venues that apply for star grading by the Tourism Grading Council of South Africa (TGCSA). The application process is integrated into, and forms part of the online grading application process of the TGCSA. The Programme enables establishments to receive feedback on areas that require attention prior to full grading application, thereby minimising the numbers of those that do not make it, or increasing the uptake, especially for emerging small enterprises. In 2022/23, the TGSP which is implemented through the TGCSA, supported a total of 3 738 TGSP applications, representing a combined value of R15 874 587,50 in discounts on grading assessment fees. The Department is currently renegotiating its contract with the TGCSA for the continued implementation of the TGSP, which will assist in reducing the cost burden on small enterprises and encourage more enterprises to participate in the star grading system.
A World in motion : Shifting consumer travel trends in 2022 and beyond
(World Travel & Tourism Council, 2023-01)
This report is the story of recovery. After the deepest crisis the sector has faced, Travel & Tourism is trending upwards. It has been a delight to witness – and we have greatly admired the agility, determination and vision that many travel providers have shown in getting our sector back on its feet. Not only has tourism recovered at extraordinary speed, but companies are also working hard to transform the sector and win back travellers with new products, technologies and investments in sustainability.
The sustainability of township tourism SMMEs
(International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 2023-02-13) Mokoena, Snenhlanhla Lerato; Liambo, Tatenda Freedom Liambo
Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) are the key players in the township tourism sector, which contributes substantially to the growth of the economy in South Africa. Township tourism SMMEs are critical to uplifting the rural and township economies. However, they remain marginalized and continue to struggle to be sustainable. The following paper explains how much township tourism SMMEs use to stay sustainable. The paper aims to identify SMMEs involved in township tourism. The paper also aims to establish factors influencing the sustainability of township tourism SMMEs. In addition, the paper also aims to determine the competitive strategy for the sustainability of township tourism SMMEs. The study adopted a positivist research paradigm through a quantitative approach and a survey research design. As a result of having no reliable available sampling frame, a non-probability sampling strategy was adopted, and relevant data was generated through questionnaires. The data was gathered from 61 owners or managers of township tourism SMMEs, in uMlazi, Durban. This paper’s findings revealed that the most influential factors affecting the sustainability of township tourism SMMEs were a lack of funding, strong business competition, and poor business location. The study's findings revealed that only a few entrepreneurs applied a competitive strategy to their businesses. From the data analyzed, relevant recommendations and conclusions were also drawn
USAID’S Tourism for All Project : Final report 2018-2023
(Chemonics International Inc., 2023-04-21)
Over five years, USAID’s Tourism For All Project (TFA) has made an impact across Timor-Leste’s burgeoning tourism sector. The project’s many noteworthy outcomes include the following: • UNESCO’s inscription of tais — the country’s hallmark handicraft — in December 2021 • The foundation of the Dili Waterfront Development public-private partnership (PPP), valued at $120 million, and a PPP screening methodology • The development of stakeholders’ business skills and establishment of four tourism- related associations unifying stakeholders across the tourism value chain: o Asosiasaun Turizmu Koleku Mahanak Ataúro (ATKOMA) o Asosiasaun Turizmu Ramelau, Blehitu, and Kablake (ASTRABEKA) o Asosiasaun Turizmu Maritima Iha Timor-Leste (ATM-TL) o Asosiasaun Turizmu Relijiouzu Timor-Leste (ATR-TL) • The rollout and maintenance of the Tourism Enterprise Development Program (TEDP), with 67 grants awarded at a value of $1,700,967.14 (USAID grants plus grantee contributions of $477,282.81, or 22%; see Exhibit 1, page 3) • The launch of a domestic tourism campaign (Ha’u-Nia Timor-Leste) • Coordination across the government through the Inter-Ministerial Commission for Tourism Development, resulting in key framework documents and arrangements • Production of three sustainable management plans (SMPs) for protected areas in the project’s geographic focus area — a significant step in responding to climate change • Delivery of a report and training module on climate change and tourism to key stakeholders, including youth The report and training module on climate change and tourism informed several activities involving public and private sector stakeholders. For example, the project coordinated with scuba diving centers to raise youth awareness of the need to protect coral reefs. A project grant enabled 40 scientists from the National University of Timor-Leste to study the country’s coral reefs and marine biodiversity in the context of tourism. The project also started the Green School Initiative in partnership with the Secretary of State for Environment and the Dili Canossian School to encourage its 5,000 students, their parents, and staff to reduce their carbon footprint and plastic waste.

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